C. Statistical Studies
To look at system consequences to your IPV and you can pathways, the research taken advantage of the aid of an effective cutoff threshold placed on a continuous program eligibility directory (PMT rating) to identify procedures and you may assessment communities. Hence, results are legitimate into population inside the endurance and you can carry out maybe not portray an entire delivery away from socioeconomic standing from inside the investigation communities. As an effective discontinuity is used on the assignment of one’s treatment, we ensure new problems that usually need to keep for a routine regression discontinuity structure method to be legitimate within our research, plus zero manipulation on endurance otherwise expertise in new algorithm by prospective beneficiaries so you’re able to dictate the qualifications updates. The brand new official shot from equilibrium ranging from investigations and you will procedures teams are and said toward current decide to try inside dining tables dos and you will step 3 (col. 10). In the full targeting get it done used, this new PMT results ranged away from ?step 3.294 to help you cuatro.601 z-scores, throughout review decide to try, the newest PMT ratings start around ?0.571 so you’re able to 0.324 z-ratings, on the program qualifications cutoff during the ?0.106 z-ratings ( fundamental deviation = 0.thirty two ). six Households was basically systematically tested within cutoff to possess evaluation purposes, and the resulting home on the therapy sample is contained in this 0.46 basic deviations of cutoff, as well as review homes was in this 0.43 simple deviations of the cutoff. Considering the small endurance of your own shipments away from sampled properties doing new PMT get, a straightforward Did was applied to test the latest impacts of your own program: eight
Manage variables used in the study integrated individual- and you will family-level signs and you will neighborhood-peak fixed effects. 8 At the individual level, i regulated having ages (in many years) and you will indications the official degree from each other lady and you may partner. 9 Subsequent, from inside the data of the complete test, i manage for being within the a polygamous relationship (reference group is nonpolygamous otherwise, to have simple malfunction, a monogamous relationship). Household-peak handle details provided home dimensions additionally the PMT score. free Casual Sex dating apps 10 We report the latest technique of most of the region indicator details inside the detailed balance and you may attrition dining tables; yet not, while we become society-peak fixed effects, such indications aren’t found in regression investigation (districts: Eastern Mamprusi, Karaga, and Yendi in the Northern Region and Bongo and you may Garu Tempane about Top East Area). To evaluate differences by the relatives design, i interact the fresh new sign to possess polygamous union to your cures indication, go out indicator, and you can perception estimate (starting a triple telecommunications identity): 11
D. Attrition
Attrition over the panel period has potential to threaten the internal validity and generalizability of the findings. Overall attrition in our analytic sample is approximately 10%, slightly higher than the overall household sample rate of 6.6%, and does not vary significantly between treatment and comparison samples ( p -value = .35 using a simple t-test; Table 1). Further, we investigate whether the sample lost to follow-up differs significantly from our panel sample in terms of IPV outcomes, control variables, or pathway indicators (tables 2, 3). Column 7 shows the mean difference between the sample lost to follow-up in the treatment group, as compared with the same in the comparison group. Column 8 shows the p-value of this difference derived from a regression using treatment to predict the specific indicator, controlling for the PMT score and restricting to attritors. Table 2 shows that across 12 background characteristics and 14 pathway variables, only one is significant at the p < .05 level (there is a statistically significantly higher proportion of the treatment group lost to follow-up as compared with the comparison group in Bongo district). Table 3 shows that across 15 outcome indicators, the only ones to show evidence of differential attrition at p < .05 or lower are those measuring the frequency of sexual IPV (means of those lost to follow-up in the comparison group are slightly higher at .28 vs. the treatment group at .26). These results indicate that the potential for bias in overall findings due to attrition is low. Despite these promising results, we do find that women leaving our sample across both treatment arms differ in terms of background characteristics from those who remain in our sample (p-values shown in cols. 3 and 6). For example, women who leave the sample are generally younger, better educated, in monogamous partnerships (vs. polygamous), and live in smaller households. This may be reflective of rural-to-urban migration or other mobility patterns, although these differences are not generally observed for pathway variables, including indicators of economic standing.